Local Anaesthetic - The maximum dose of local anaesthetic base should be calculated from the weight of the patient particularly in infants and children. The maximum dose will depend on whether the local anaesthetic is plain or has vasoconstrictor added, as the latter will lessen the rate of absorption of the base.
Catecholamines - Clinically effective vasoconstriction for dental anaesthesia can be obtained with concentration in the range of 1:300 000 (3.3 ug/mL) adrenaline to 1:100 000 (10.0 ug/mL), and in order to minimise toxic effects the lowest effective concentration should be used. Where adrenaline is used a concentration of 1:80 000 (12.5 ug/mL) should not be exceeded and where nor-adrenaline is used a maximum of1:50 000 (20.0 ug/mL) is suggested.
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